How grammatically complex are adults’ utterances as compared with those of children? How is a literary text more structurally complex than a Wikipedia source? How can such complexity be compared…
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Various metrics are considered in terms of whether they characterize different kinds of data. For example, in the case of natural language, metrics that specify the author, language, or genre…
Templates are multi-word expressions with slots, such as “Starting at _ on _ ” or “regard _ as _”, that appear frequently in text and also in data from sources…
A generative model is a mathematical formulation that generates a sample similar to real data. Many such models have been proposed using machine learning methods, including deep learning. Study of…
For mathematical models of language, their potential, limitations, and ways of improvement are investigated in terms of whether they reproduce the complex properties of language. The nature of linguistic structure…
State-of-the-art word embedding methods represent a word with a single vector and presume a linear vector space, which does not easily incorporate nonlinearity that is necessary to, for example, represent…